The Impact of Drought on Sub-Saharan African Economies
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چکیده
...................................................................... viii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ....................................................................... ix CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION ....................................................................... 1 Background: Economics of Drought Is Underresearched ..................................................................... I Scope and Purpose ..................................................................... 3 Method of Study ..................................................................... 4 CHAPTER 2: POTENTIAL IMPACTS OF DROUGHT ON SUB-SAHARAN AFRICAN ECONOMIES: DIFFERENCES AND SIMILARITIES .................................................................... 7 An Economic Definition of Drought ..................................................................... 7 Environmental Diversity and the Rural Economy ..................................................................... 8 Long-Term Climatic Trends ..................................................................... 9 Role of Financial Systems ..................................................................... 11 Role of Public Policy ...................................................................... 11 CHAPTER 3: ECONOMIC STRUCTURE AND THE IMPACT OF DROUGHT ............................. 15 Typology of Country Situations ..................................................................... 15 Impacts of Drought ..................................................................... 19 CHAPTER 4: DROUGHT AND THE ECONOMY: SOME PROVISIONAL FINDINGS ........ .......... 27 The Role of Economic Structure: The Southern African Drought of 1991-92 ........................................ 27 Economic Sensitivity to Drought: Country Case Histories ................................................................. 29 Other Factors Determining the Outcome of a Drought Shock ............................................................ 32 The Policy Environment ..................................................................... 36 Drought and the Budget ..................................................................... 37 Consideration of Drought Shocks in Economic and Development Planning .......................................... 40 CHAPTER 5: DROUGHT AND STRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENT PROGRAMS ............................... 43 Adoption of Reform Programs ..................................................................... 43 Progress of Reform ...................................................................... 44 Short-Term Adverse Impacts of Reform ..................................................................... 45 Abandonment of Reform Programs ..................................................................... 45 Responses to Drought .............. I 45 Structural Adjustment and Drought Vulnerability .................................. 46
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